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Koha 3.6 手冊 >
讀者與流通
第一章管理
3. 讀者與流通 Patrons & Circulation
3.1. 讀者類型 Patron Categories
3.2. 縣市與鄉鎮 Cities and Towns
3.3. 道路型式 Road Types
3.4. 讀者屬性型式 Patron Attribute Types
3.5. 流通與罰款規則 Circulation and Fine Rules
3.6. 圖書館轉移限制 Library Transfer Limits
3.7. 館藏流通提示 Item Circulation Alerts
控制流通與讀者的資訊,在這裡設定。Settings for controlling
circulation and patron information.
3.1. 讀者類型 Patron Categories
依角色、年齡、類別等因素,把讀者分為不同的類型。Patron
categories allow you to organize your patrons into different roles,
age groups, and patron types.
首頁 › 管理 › 讀者和流通 › 讀者類型 Get there: More >
Administration > Patrons & Circulation > Patron Categories

<圖1>

讀者屬於六種類型之一:Patrons are assigned to one of six main
categories:
成人 Adult
最常用的讀者類型。Most common patron type, usually
used for a general 'Patron' category.
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兒童 Child
Children patrons can have a guardian to be attached to
them.
館員 Staff
圖書館員(工讀生、志工)應給館員類型,適度授權,進入館
員介面。Librarians (and library workers) should be
assigned the staff category so that you can set their
permissions and give them access to the staff client.
機構 Organizational
機構讀者就是機構,是專業讀者的保證人。Organizational
patrons are organizations. Organizations can be used as
guarantors for Professional patrons.
專業 Professional
專業讀者與機構連結。Professional patrons can be linked to
Organizational patrons
統計 Statistical
統計之用的讀者,如:館內使用統計。This patron type is
used strictly for statistical purposes, such as in house use
of items.
3.1.1. 新增讀者類型 Adding a patron category
點選頁面上緣的 ‘新增類型’,即可新增讀者類型。To add a new
patron category click 'New Category' at the top of the page

<圖2>

‘類型代碼’是辨識碼。The 'Category Code' is an identifier for
your new code.
重要 Important
類型代碼須在10字元以內(數字與文字)。The category code
is limited to 10 characters (numbers and letters)
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重要 Important
此欄位為必備,若空白,則出現錯誤。This field is required
in order to save your patron category. If left blank you will
be presented with an error.

<圖3>

在‘描述’輸入純文字。Enter a plain text version of the category
in the 'Description' field.
重要 Important
此欄位為必備,若空白,則出現錯誤。This field is required
in order to save your patron category. If left blank you will
be presented with an error.

<圖4>

註冊有效日期(月)應填入讀者的有效月份(如:小學生讀者證有效
為6年,或交換學生證有效期至指定日期)。Enrollment period
(in months) should be filled in if you have a limited enrollment
period for your patrons (eg. Student cards expire after 9
months or until a specific date)
重要 Important
不能同時輸入有效的月份與特定日期,祗能二選一。You
cannot enter both a month limit and a date until. Choose to
enter either one or the other.
重要 Important
此欄位為必備,若空白,則出現錯誤。This field is required
in order to save your patron category. If left blank you will
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<圖5>

有些讀者類型指定最低年齡,在此輸入‘必須填寫年齡’。Some
patron categories can have a minimum age (in years)
requirement associated with them, enter this age in the 'Age
required'
有些讀者類型指定最高年齡,如兒童,在此輸入‘年齡上限’。
Patron categories can also have a maximum age (in years)
associated with them (such as children), enter this age in the
'Upperage limit'
若收取費用(向外地人收費),在‘註冊費用’裡,輸入金額。If you
charge a membership fee for your patrons (such as those who
live in another region) you can enter that in the 'Enrollment fee'
field.
重要 Important
在這個欄位裡,祗輸入數字及小數。Only enter numbers
and decimals in this field
如果,您要讀者收到逾期通知,在‘需要逾期通知’欄位內,填入
‘是’。If you want your patron to receive overdue notices, set
the 'Overdue notice required' to 'Yes'
依讀者類型決定,遺失的館藏是否顯示在館員介面,在‘館員介
面遺失的館藏’裡,選擇'顯示或‘預設為隱藏’。You can decide on
a patron category basis if lost items are shown in the staff client
by making a choice from the 'Lost items in staff client' pull down

<圖6>

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重要 Important
祗適用於館員介面,所以不能近用館員介面的讀者,此選項
無區別。Note that this is only applicable in the staff client,
so changing this value on patron categories who do not
have access to the staff client won't make any difference
向讀者收取預約費時,在‘預約費用’欄位,輸入金額。If you
charge patrons for placing holds on items, enter the fee amount
in the 'Hold fee' field.
重要 Important
在此欄位祗輸入數字及小數。Only enter numbers and
decimals in this field
在‘類型類型’欄位,從六種類型裡選一個。In the 'Category type'
field choose one of the six main parent categories

<圖7>

重要 Important
此欄位為必備,若空白,則出現錯誤。This field is required
in order to save your patron category. If left blank you will
be presented with an error.

<圖8>

最後,您可以對讀者類型給予預設的指定進階訊息偏好。Finally
you can assign advanced messaging preferences by default to
a patron category
重要 Important
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應先設定‘允許’這個偏好設定‘讀者選擇收取訊息的種類與時
間。這個選項祗適用於特定的訊息’。Requires that you
have EnhancedMessagingPreferences enabled
重要 Important
個別讀者可以改變此設定,此設定祗是對全體類別的預設
值。These can be changed for individual patrons, this
setting is just a default to make it easier to set up
messages for an entire category
3.2. 縣市和鄉鎮 Cities and Towns
為了標準化輸入內容,可以設定縣市與鄉鎮,新增讀者時,祗需從
表單裡選擇,不必逐一輸入資訊。To standardize patron input you
can define cities or towns within your region so that when new
patrons are added librarians simply have to select the town from a
list instead of having to type the town and zip (or postal) code
information.
首頁 › 管理 › 讀者和流通 › 讀者類型 › 縣市和鄉鎮 Get there:
More > Administration > Patrons & Circulation > Cities and
Towns
3.2.1. 新增縣市 Adding a City
點選頁面上端的‘新增縣市’鈕,輸入縣市名、狀態、郵寄區號、國
家。To add a new city, click the 'New City' button at the top of the
page and enter the city name, state, zip/postal code and country.

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點選‘送出’後,儲存該縣市。One you click Submit, your city will be
saved and will be listed on the Cities and Towns page
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任何時間,都可以編修或刪除縣市。Cities can be edited or deleted
at any time.
3.2.2. 在新增讀者表格檢視縣市 Viewing Cities on Patron Add Form
以新增縣市表格定義縣市後,新增或編輯讀者記錄時,就可以從下
拉選單使用該縣市。If you have defined local cities using the New
city form, then when adding or editing a patron record you will see
those cities in a pull down menu to make city selection easy.

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一次設定多次使用,免除輸入錯誤的縣市名稱與郵遞區號。This will
allow for easy entry of local cities into the patron record without
risking the potential for typos or mistaken zip/postal codes.
3.3. 道路類型 Road Types
為了標準化讀者的輸入,您可以定義道路類型,圖書館員可以從選
單中挑選,不必逐一輸入。To standardize patron input you can
define road types within your region so that when new patrons are
added librarians simply have to select the road from a list instead
of having to type it in.
祕訣 Tip
您可以使用縮寫或全名。If you want your patrons to have their
road types abbreviated all of the time then you can enter the
appropriate abbreviations here, if you'd like the road types to
always be spelled out you can do that here as well.
3.3.1. 新增道路類型 Adding Road Types
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點選‘新增道路類型’,輸入想要顯示的道路類型。To add a road
type, click 'New Road Type' and then enter the road type the way
you'd like it displayed.

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送出表格後,新的道路類型就出現在道路類型頁面。Once you
submit the form, your new road type will be listed on the Road
Types page

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3.3.2. 在新增讀者表格檢視道路類型 Viewing Road Types on
Patron Add form
新增或編輯讀者時,若已定義道路類型,可以從道路類型表格裡的
選單找到。When adding or editing a patron, if you have road types
defined, there will be a pull down to choose the road type from.

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3.4. 讀者屬性型式 Patron Attribute Types
讀者屬性定義客製欄位與讀者記錄的關係,需先設定
ExtendedPatronAttributes 系統偏好為啟用。Patron attributes can
be used to define custom fields to associate with your patron
records. In order to enable the use of custom fields you need to set
the ExtendedPatronAttributes system preference.
首頁 › 管理 › 讀者和流通 › 讀者屬性形式 Get there: More >
Administration > Patrons & Circulation > Patron attribute types
學號、身份證字號是常用的。A common use for this field would be
for a student ID number or a Driver's license number.
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3.4.1. 新增讀者屬性 Adding Patron Attributes
點選頁面上方的‘新增讀者屬性類型’鈕。To add a new Patron
Attribute Type, click the 'New Patron Attribute Type' button at the
top of the page
<>
在‘讀者屬性形式代碼’欄位,輸入該欄位的代碼。In the 'Patron
attribute type code', enter a short code to identify this field
重要 Important
此欄位的代碼最多10個字元(祗限數字與字元)。This field is
limited to 10 characters (numbers and letters only)
重要 Important
設定之後,不能改變。This setting cannot be changed after
an attribute is defined
在‘描述’欄位,輸入較長的純文字說明。In the 'Description' field,
enter a longer (plain text) explanation of what this field will
contain
勾選‘可重複’欄位,讀者記錄就可以有複數的多值。Check the
box next to 'Repeatable' to let a patron record have multiple
values of this attribute.
重要 Important
設定後,此值不能改變。This setting cannot be changed
after an attribute is defined
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若勾選‘唯一識別碼’,表示該屬性是唯一的識別碼,其他的讀者
記錄不能使用它。If 'Unique identifier' is checked, the attribute
will be a unique identifier which means, if a value is given to a
patron record, the same value cannot be given to a different
record.
重要 Important
設定後,此值不能改變。This setting cannot be changed
after an attribute is defined
勾選‘允許密碼’後,將密碼與該屬性掛勾。Check 'Allow
password' to make it possible to associate a password with this
attribute.
勾選‘顯示於線上公用目錄’後,在線上公用目錄的讀者詳情,顯
示此屬性。Check 'Display in OPAC' to display this attribute on
a patron's details page in the OPAC.
勾選‘可查詢’後,此屬性可以從館員介面搜尋。Check
'Searchable' to make this attribute searchable in the staff
patron search.
勾選‘顯示於借出時’後,在借出畫面及其他的讀者頁面,可顯示
此屬性。Check 'Display in check-out' to make this attribute
visible in the patron's short detail display on the left of the
checkout screen and other patron pages

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‘容許值類型’;選定後,讀者記錄的輸入頁面,將祗能選擇容許
值。Authorized value category; if one is selected, the patron
record input page will only allow values to be chosen from the
authorized value list.
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首先,要把容許值加入選單。You will first need to add an
authorized value list for it to appear in this menu
首頁 ›管理 › 基本參數 › 容許值 Get there: More >
Administration > Basic Parameters > Authorized Values
重要 Important
批次匯入讀者時,容許值清單不是必備的。an authorized
value list is not enforced during batch patron import.
點選儲存。Click Save to save your new attribute
新增之後,屬性將出現在屬性清單及新增/編輯讀者記錄的表格裡。
Once added your attribute will appear on the list of attributes and
also on the patron record add/edit form

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3.4.2. 編輯/刪除讀者屬性 Editing/Deleting Patron Attributes
在屬性清單裡,每個讀者屬性都有編輯與刪除連結。Each patron
attribute has an edit and a delete link beside it on the list of
attributes.
建立之後,部份屬性的欄位不能編輯。Some fields in the attribute
will not be editable once created:
讀者屬性類型代碼 Patron attribute type code
可重複 Repeatable
唯一識別符號 Unique identifier
使用中的屬性,不能刪除它。You will be unable to delete an
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attribute if it's in use.

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3.5. 流通與罰款規則 Circulation and Fine Rules
這些規則決定館藏的流通方式,罰款的計算方式以及預約的處理方
式。These rules define how your items are circulated, how/when
fines are calculated and how holds are handled.
首頁 › 管理 › 讀者和流通 › 流通及罰款規則 Get there: More >
Administration > Patrons & Circulation > Circulation and fines
rules
從最特殊至最不特殊,依序使用這些規則:The rules are applied
from most specific to less specific, using the first found in this
order:
相同圖書館、相同讀者類型、相同館藏類型 same library, same
patron type, same item type
相同圖書館、相同讀者類型、所有館藏類型 same library, same
patron type, all item type
相同圖書館、所有讀者類型、相同館藏類型 same library, all
patron types, same item type
相同圖書館、所有讀者類型、所有館藏類型 same library, all
patron types, all item types
所有圖書館、相同讀者類型、相同館藏類型 all libraries, same
patron type, same item type
所有圖書館、相同讀者類型、所有館藏類型 all libraries, same
patron type, all item types
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所有圖書館、所有讀者類型、相同館藏類型 all libraries, all
patron types, same item type
所有圖書館、所有讀者類型、所有館藏類型 all libraries, all
patron types, all item types
祕訣 Tip
若您是單一圖書館系統,建立規則前先選定分館(有時,祗有給
‘所有圖書館’的規則,可能把預約中的書借出)。If you are a
single library system choose your branch name before creating
rules (sometimes having only rules for the 'all libraries' option
can cause issues with holds)
重要 Important
至少,應設定預設的流通規則。此規則適用於所有圖書館、所有
讀者類型、所有館藏類型,可以涵蓋所有的狀況,不必符合任何
特例。借出時,若沒有適用於所有圖書館、所有讀者類型、所有
館藏類型的規則,讀者就無法預約。您也需要一個適用於特定圖
書館、所有館藏類型與所有讀者類型的規則,以免碰到前述的預
約問題。Koha 需要知道使用什麼規則。At the very least you
will need to set a default circulation rule. This rule should be set
for all item types, all libraries and all patron categories. That will
catch all instances that do not match a specific rule. When
checking out if you do not have a rule for all libraries, all item
types and all patron types then you may see patrons getting
blocked from placing holds. You will also want a rule for your
specific library set for all item types and all patron types to
avoid this holds issue. Koha needs to know what rule to fall
back on.
3.5.1. 預設流通規則 Default Circulation Rules
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視讀者/館藏類型的組合,從流通規則的矩陣中,選取適用的規則。
從下拉選單中選取圖書館(或選擇‘所有圖書館’),設定您的規則。
Using the issuing rules matrix you can define rules that depend on
patron/item type combos. To set your rules, choose a library from
the pull down (or 'all libraries' if you want to apply these rules to all
branches):

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從此矩陣裡,您可以選擇任何讀者類型與館藏類型的組合。From
the matrix you can choose any combination of patron categories
and item types to apply the rules to

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首先,決定適用的讀者類型,若選擇‘全部’,就適用於全部的讀
者。First choose which patron category you'd like the rule to be
applied to. If you leave this to 'All' it will apply to all patron
categories
選擇‘館藏類型’,若選擇‘全部’,就適用於全部的館藏類型。
Choose the 'Item Type' you would like this rule to apply to. If
you leave this to 'All' it will apply to all item types
在‘借出總數’欄位,輸入可借出的總數。Limit the number of
items a patron can have checked out at the same time by
entering a number in the 'Current Checkouts Allowed' field
設定‘借期(天)’。Define the period of time and item can be
checked out to a patron by entering the number of days in the
'Loan Period' box.
還可以對特定讀者類型與館藏類型,設定固定的‘到期日’,超越
所有的流通規則,讓這種館藏在指定日期之前、之後或當日,為
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到期日。You can also define a hard due date for a specific
patron category and item type. A hard due date ignores your
usual circulation rules and makes it so that all items of the type
defined are due on, before or after the date you specify.
‘罰款總計’欄位,輸入逾期的罰款金額。'Fine Amount' should
have the amount you would like to charge for overdue items
重要 Important
祗輸入數字及小數(沒有幣別符號)。Enter only numbers and
decimal points (no currency symbols).
‘計算罰款的間隔’,如每天罰款或每二天罰款。Enter the 'Fine
Charging Interval' in days (ex. charge fines every 1 day, or
every 2 days)
‘罰款寬限時間(天)’是逾期指定的時間後,才開始罰款。The
'Fine Grace Period' is the period of time an item can be
overdue before you start charging fines.
若圖書館以停權替代罰款,則‘停權日數’欄位,輸入日數。If
your library 'fines' patrons by suspending their account you can
enter the number of days their fine should be suspended in the
'Suspension in Days' field
若同意讀者可以續借,在‘允許續借(次數)’欄位裡,輸入次數。
Next decide if the patron can renew this item type and if so,
enter how many times they can renew it in the 'Renewals
Allowed' box
若讀者可以預約,則在‘允許預約’欄位裡,輸入可以預約的館藏
數。If the patron can place holds on this item type, enter the
total numbers of items (of this type) that can be put on hold in
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the 'Holds Allowed' field
最後,若向讀者收取館藏的借出費用,對特定的讀者類型給予折
扣優待,在‘借出費用折扣 (%)’欄位,輸入折扣的百分比(不要
給%符號)。Finally, if you charge a rental fee for the item type
and want to give a specific patron type a discount on that fee,
enter the percentage discount (without the % symbol) in the
'Rental Discount' field
完成後,按下最右邊的‘新增’鈕,儲存改變。修改時,新增一個同樣
讀者類型與館藏類型的規則,然後刪除舊的規則。When finished,
click 'Add' to save your changes. To modify a rule, create a new
one with the same patron type and item type. If you would like to
delete your rule, simply click the 'Delete' link to the right of the rule.
簡化起見,可以從上面的複製鈕,把規則矩陣複製至其他圖書館。
To save time you can clone rules from one library to another by
choosing the clone option above the rules matrix.

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複製後,還需確認。After choosing to clone you will be presented
with a confirmation message.
3.5.2. 預設借出與預約政策 Default Checkouts and Hold Policy
若沒有其他的設定,可以在這裡預設借出數量與預約政策。You can
set a default maximum number of checkouts and hold policy that
will be used if none is defined below for a particular item type or
category.

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在此設定借出數量與預約政策,供所有的讀者與館藏使用。From
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this menu you can set a default to apply to all item types and
patrons in the library.
在‘借出數量’欄位輸入可以借出的總數。In 'Total Current
Checkouts Allowed' enter the total number of items patrons can
have checked out at one time
在‘預約政策’下拉選單裡,控制讀者預約的對象。Control where
patrons can place holds from using the 'Hold Policy' menu
來自任何圖書館:來自任何圖書館的讀者都可以預約(預設值
是它)。From Any Library: Patrons from any library may put
this item on hold. (default if none is defined)
來自原圖書館:祗有來自館藏所屬圖書館的讀者,才可以預
約該館藏。From Home Library: Only patrons from the
item's home library may put this book on hold.
不允許預約:任何人都不能預約。No Holds Allowed: No
patron may put this book on hold.
設定政策後,可以點選規則右側的‘不設定’鈕,取消它。Once
your policy is set, you can unset it by clicking the 'Unset' link to
the right of the rule
3.5.3. 每位讀者的借出 Checkouts Per Patron
借出總數依照讀者類型區分適用於所有圖書館的所有館藏類型。For
this library, you can specify the maximum number of loans that a
patron of a given category can make, regardless of the item type.

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秘訣 Tip
2012年03月26日 13:16
若沒有輸入,則沒有限制;若在館藏類型裡,指定借出數量,則
依其數量。If the total amount loanable for a given patron
category is left blank, no limit applies, except possibly for a limit
you define for a specific item type.
3.5.4. 預約館藏的政策 Item Hold Policies
您可以編輯館藏類型裡的規則,使其適用於所有讀者類型。For this
library, you can edit rules for given itemtypes, regardless of the
patron's category. Currently, this means hold policies.

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各種政稱有不同的效果:The various policies have the following
effects:
來自任何圖書館: 任何讀者均可預約此館藏。(如果沒定義,則
使用預設值)From Any Library: Patrons from any library may put
this item on hold. (default if none is defined)
來自所屬圖書館: 祗有館藏所屬圖書館的讀者,可以預約該
書。From Home Library: Only patrons from the item's home
library may put this book on hold.
不允許預約: 沒有讀者預約這本書。No Holds Allowed: No
patron may put this book on hold.
重要 Important
若系統偏好是AllowHoldPolicyOverride 啟動,流通館員可以越
過這些政策,也可以從讀者的本館取用相關的政策,不是預約
的圖書館。Note that if the system preference
AllowHoldPolicyOverride set to 'allow', these policies can be
overridden by your circulation staff.
2012年03月26日 13:16
重要 Important
這些政策以讀者原圖書館為基礎,不是預約館員所屬的圖書館。
These policies are based on the patron's home branch, not the
branch that the reserving staff member is from.
3.6. 圖書館轉移限制 Library Transfer Limits
根據送出圖書館、接收圖書館與館藏代碼,決定轉移館藏的限制。
Limit the ability to transfer items between libraries based on the
library sending, the library receiving, and the collection code
involved.
首頁 › 管理 › 讀者和流通 › 圖書館轉移限制 Get there: More >
Administration > Patrons & Circulation > Library Transfer Limits
必須先設定系統偏好 › 流通 › 借出政策裡的
UseBranchTransferLimits 參數,為‘強迫’。These rules only go into
effect if the preference UseBranchTransferLimits is set to 'enforce'.
開始之前,您可以先選定限制的圖書館。Before you begin you will
want to choose which library you are setting these limits for.

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轉移限制係依照館藏代碼而來的,設定於管理裡的容許值。Transfer
limits are set based on the collections codes you have applied via
the Authorized Value administration area.

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館藏代碼將出現在點選盒之上的分頁。Collection codes will appear
as tabs above the checkboxes:
勾選圖書館,指定為借出的圖書館。Check the boxes for the
2012年03月26日 13:16
libraries that you accept checkins from for the item type you have
selected at the top (in the example below - FIC)

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在上例,Centerville 圖書館允許讀者還入從各圖書館借出的書,除
了Liberty 與 FranklinIn 兩圖書館。the above example, Centerville
library will allow patrons to return items from all libraries except
Liberty and Franklin to their branch.
3.7. 館藏流通提示 Item Circulation Alerts
圖書館可以決定是否讓讀者自動收到流通事件(借出與還入)的通知。
Libraries can decide if they want to have patrons automatically
notified of circulation events (check ins and check outs).
首頁 › 管理 › 讀者和流通 › 館藏流通提示 Get there: More >
Administration > Patrons & Circulation > Item Circulation Alerts
依照讀者類型與館藏類型,設定此偏好。These preferences are set
based on patron types and item types.
重要 Important
個別讀者的訊息偏好,優於這些偏好。These preference can
be overwritten by changes in the individual patron's messaging
preferences.
設定流通提示 To set up circulation alerts:
從頁面上端的下拉式選單裡,選定您的圖書館。Choose your
library from the pull down at the top of the screen

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2012年03月26日 13:16
在選單裡,保持‘預設’選項金,就能夠讓偏好設定適用於所
有圖書館。To set preferences for all libraries, keep the
menu set to 'Default'
預設,所有的館藏與讀者都告知借出與還入的狀態。點選館藏與
讀者的組合,就能停止此告知。By default all item types and all
patrons are notified of check ins and check outs. To change
this, click on the item/patron type combo that you would like to
stop notices for.

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